占用映射已被广泛用于代表自动驾驶机器人的周围环境,以执行导航和操纵等任务。尽管在2D环境中进行了占用映射,但很少有适合3-D动态占用映射的方法,这对于空中机器人必不可少。本文提出了一种新颖的3-D动态占用映射算法,称为DSK3DOM。我们首先建立了一种贝叶斯方法,以基于随机有限集理论来依次更新占用图作为测量流。然后,我们用Dempster-Shafer域中的粒子近似它,以实现实时计算。此外,该算法将基于内核的推论与Dirichlet基本信念分配相关,以从稀疏测量中实现密集的映射。通过模拟和实际实验证明了所提出算法的功效。
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尽管深度神经网络能够在各个领域中实现最先进的性能,但他们的培训通常需要对数据集的许多通行证进行迭代。但是,由于计算和内存约束和潜在的隐私问题,在数据到达流中的许多现实情况下,存储和访问所有数据都是不切实际的。在本文中,我们研究了一通学习的问题,其中模型是在未重新验证之前对数据进行依次到达数据的培训。通过越来越多参数化模型的使用,我们开发了正交递归拟合(ORFIT),这是一种用于一通学习的算法,旨在完全适合每个新数据点,同时在更改参数的方向上,导致对先前预测的最小变化参数数据点。通过这样做,我们在自适应过滤和机器学习中桥接了两种看似不同的算法,即递归最小二乘(RLS)算法和正交梯度下降(OGD)。我们的算法通过通过增量主组件分析(IPCA)利用流数据的结构来有效地使用内存。此外,我们表明,对于过度参数的线性模型,我们算法获得的参数矢量是随机梯度下降(SGD)在标准的多通用设置中收敛到的。最后,我们将结果推广到高度参数化模型的非线性设置,这与深度学习有关。我们的实验显示了与基准相比,提出的方法的有效性。
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We present SODA: the first publicly available, million-scale high-quality social dialogue dataset. Using SODA, we train COSMO: a generalizable conversation agent outperforming previous best-performing agents on both in- and out-of-domain datasets. In contrast to most existing crowdsourced, small-scale dialogue corpora, we distill 1.5M socially-grounded dialogues from a pre-trained language model (InstructGPT; Ouyang et al., 2022). Dialogues are distilled by contextualizing social commonsense knowledge from a knowledge graph (Atomic10x; West et al., 2022). Human evaluation shows that dialogues in SODA are more consistent, specific, and (surprisingly) natural than prior human-authored datasets - e.g., DailyDialog (Li et al., 2017), BlendedSkillTalk (Smith et al., 2020). In addition, extensive evaluations show that COSMO is significantly more natural and consistent on unseen datasets than best-performing dialogue models - e.g., GODEL (Peng et al., 2022), BlenderBot (Roller et al., 2021), DialoGPT (Zhang et al., 2020). Furthermore, it is sometimes even preferred to the original human-written gold responses. We make our data, models, and code public.
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在本文中,我们专注于使用配备有视觉传感器的移动机器人(例如RGBD摄像头)有效地定位使用自由形式语言描述的目标对象的问题。常规的活动视觉搜索预测了一组搜索的对象,在实践中构成了这些技术的限制。为了在主动视觉搜索中提供更多的灵活性,我们提出了一个系统,用户可以使用自由形式的语言输入目标命令;我们称此系统零击目录的视觉搜索(Zavis)。 Zavis检测并计划搜索用户通过静态地标(例如桌子或床)表示的语义网格图输入的目标对象。为了有效地计划对象搜索模式,Zavis考虑了基于常识性知识的共发生和预测性不确定性,同时决定首先访问哪些地标。我们在模拟和现实世界环境中验证了有关SR(成功率)和SPL(成功加权)的建议方法。所提出的方法在模拟方案中的SPL优于先前的方法,平均差距为0.283。我们进一步证明了Zavis在现实世界中使用先锋3AT机器人。
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作为人类,我们通过我们所有的感官来驾驭世界,使用每个人从每个人纠正其他人。我们介绍了Merlot Reserve,一个模型,该模型是联合随着时间的推移而表示视频的模型 - 通过从音频,字幕和视频帧学习的新培训目标。给出了一个视频,我们用掩模令牌替换文本和音频的片段;该模型通过选择正确的蒙版片段来学习。我们的目标比替代方面更快地学习,并在规模上表现良好:我们预先逼近2000万YouTube视频。经验结果表明,Merlot Reserve学会通过所有组成模式的视频的强烈陈述。在FineTuned时,它在VCR和TVQA上为VCR和TVQA进行了新的最先进,优先于前勤工作分别为5%和7%。消融表明,两个任务都受益于音频预制 - 甚至录像机,围绕图像中心的QA任务(没有声音)。此外,我们的客观使开箱即用的预测,揭示了强大的多式联合致辞理解。在一个完全零拍摄的环境中,我们的模型在四个视频理解任务中获得竞争结果,甚至优于最近提出的定位推理(星)基准的监督方法。我们分析为什么包含音频导致更好的视觉语言表示,这表明未来研究的重要机会。我们通过讨论多式联运预测的道德和社会影响来得出结论。
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可以代表和描述环境声音的机器具有实际潜力,例如,用于音频标记和标题系统。普遍的学习范式已经依赖于并行音频文本数据,但是,Web上几乎没有可用。我们提出了vip-ant,它在不使用任何并行音频文本数据的情况下诱导\ textbf {a} udio- \ textBF {t} EXT对齐。我们的主要思想是在双模形图像文本表示和双模态图像 - 音频表示之间共享图像模型;图像模态用作枢轴,并将音频和文本连接在三模态嵌入空间中。在没有配对的音频文本数据的困难零拍设置中,我们的模型在ESC50和US8K音频分类任务上展示了最先进的零点性能,甚至超过了披肩标题的领域的监督状态检索(带音频查询)2.2 \%R @ 1。我们进一步调查了最小音频监控的情况,发现,例如,只有几百个监督的音频文本对将零拍音频分类精度提高8 \%US8K。然而,为了匹配人类奇偶校验,我们的经验缩放实验表明我们需要大约2米$ 2 ^ {21} \约2M $监督的音频标题对。我们的工作开辟了新的途径,用于学习音频文本连接,几乎没有并行音频文本数据。
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神经文本生成的主导范式是自回归语言模型的左右解码。然而,复杂的词汇约束下的受约束或可控发生的产生需要远见计划未来可行的未来路径。从A *搜索算法绘制灵感,我们提出了一种神经系统A * esque,一种解码算法包含未来成本的启发式估计。我们开发了高效的寻找高效,对大规模语言模型有效,使我们的方法成为诸如光束搜索和顶-K采样等共同技术的替代品。为了使受约束的产生,我们构建了神经系统解码(Lu等,2021),将其灵活性结合到与未来约束满足的* esque估计结合起来的逻辑限制。我们的方法在五代任务中优于竞争力的基线,并在表格到文本生成,受限机器翻译和关键字的生成中实现了新的最先进的性能。在需要复杂约束满足或少量拍摄或零拍摄设置的任务上,改进尤其显着。神经系统A * esque说明了用于改进和实现大规模语言模型的新功能的解码的力量。
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We present an approach named JSFusion (Joint Sequence Fusion) that can measure semantic similarity between any pairs of multimodal sequence data (e.g. a video clip and a language sentence). Our multimodal matching network consists of two key components. First, the Joint Semantic Tensor composes a dense pairwise representation of two sequence data into a 3D tensor. Then, the Convolutional Hierarchical Decoder computes their similarity score by discovering hidden hierarchical matches between the two sequence modalities. Both modules leverage hierarchical attention mechanisms that learn to promote well-matched representation patterns while prune out misaligned ones in a bottom-up manner. Although the JSFusion is a universal model to be applicable to any multimodal sequence data, this work focuses on video-language tasks including multimodal retrieval and video QA. We evaluate the JS-Fusion model in three retrieval and VQA tasks in LSMDC, for which our model achieves the best performance reported so far. We also perform multiple-choice and movie retrieval tasks for the MSR-VTT dataset, on which our approach outperforms many state-of-the-art methods.
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The growing interest in intelligent services and privacy protection for mobile devices has given rise to the widespread application of federated learning in Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). Diverse user behaviors call for personalized services with heterogeneous Machine Learning (ML) models on different devices. Federated Multi-task Learning (FMTL) is proposed to train related but personalized ML models for different devices, whereas previous works suffer from excessive communication overhead during training and neglect the model heterogeneity among devices in MEC. Introducing knowledge distillation into FMTL can simultaneously enable efficient communication and model heterogeneity among clients, whereas existing methods rely on a public dataset, which is impractical in reality. To tackle this dilemma, Federated MultI-task Distillation for Multi-access Edge CompuTing (FedICT) is proposed. FedICT direct local-global knowledge aloof during bi-directional distillation processes between clients and the server, aiming to enable multi-task clients while alleviating client drift derived from divergent optimization directions of client-side local models. Specifically, FedICT includes Federated Prior Knowledge Distillation (FPKD) and Local Knowledge Adjustment (LKA). FPKD is proposed to reinforce the clients' fitting of local data by introducing prior knowledge of local data distributions. Moreover, LKA is proposed to correct the distillation loss of the server, making the transferred local knowledge better match the generalized representation. Experiments on three datasets show that FedICT significantly outperforms all compared benchmarks in various data heterogeneous and model architecture settings, achieving improved accuracy with less than 1.2% training communication overhead compared with FedAvg and no more than 75% training communication round compared with FedGKT.
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In this paper we study the smooth strongly convex minimization problem $\min_{x}\min_y f(x,y)$. The existing optimal first-order methods require $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\max\{\kappa_x,\kappa_y\}} \log 1/\epsilon)$ of computations of both $\nabla_x f(x,y)$ and $\nabla_y f(x,y)$, where $\kappa_x$ and $\kappa_y$ are condition numbers with respect to variable blocks $x$ and $y$. We propose a new algorithm that only requires $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\kappa_x} \log 1/\epsilon)$ of computations of $\nabla_x f(x,y)$ and $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\kappa_y} \log 1/\epsilon)$ computations of $\nabla_y f(x,y)$. In some applications $\kappa_x \gg \kappa_y$, and computation of $\nabla_y f(x,y)$ is significantly cheaper than computation of $\nabla_x f(x,y)$. In this case, our algorithm substantially outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods.
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